Antigone family vs state. Political commentary. 

Antigone family vs state. In my opinion I think Antigone is wrong.


Antigone family vs state. Creon crafts Jul 15, 2021 · Since Hegel, who interpreted [Antigone] as a conflict between two equally valid spheres of right – that of the state and that of the family – to our day, the opinions of critics have been divided between two antithetical positions, as usually happens when it is a matter of commenting on works of genius which offer abundant food not only for Mar 6, 2025 · I first read Antigone as an eighteen-year-old college freshman in 1968. " At its heart lies the dynamic relationship between two sisters, Antigone and Ismene. Her loyalty to her family transcends her obedience to the state. Antigone’s commitment to her familial obligations contrasts sharply with Creon’s dedication to the state, creating a rich tapestry of conflict that continues to resonate with audiences today. Antigone's defiance of Creon's decree is rooted in her conviction that family loyalty and religious obligations transcend the dictates of the state. While they share blood and a tragic heritage, their Creon and Antigone represent opposing sides in the thematic tension between loyalty and rebellion and between civic duty and familial loyalty. C. 24). This powerful play provides a rich ground for literary analysis and critical essays, making it a popular choice for students and scholars. The importance of the family. In the play Creon has made it against the law to bury Antigone ’s brother, something that goes against the laws of the gods, this Examining family relationships in Sophocles' Antigone, featuring interviews with actors Christopher Ecclestone, Jodie Whittaker and Luke Newberry. Certainly, the figure of Antigone standing alone against the authority of the state appeals to young people. 8 m (5 ft 11 in), they are a conspicuous species of open wetlands in South Asia, seasonally flooded Dipterocarpus forests in Jun 8, 2025 · Antigone's conviction that her brother deserves a dignified burial, regardless of his betrayal of the state, underscores her commitment to honouring her family and upholding her interpretation of a higher law. By juxtaposing ideas of public and private righteousness, he creates a situation in which two infallible ideas must somehow compromise. Ismene, in contrast, embodies male dominance, public affairs, loyalty to the polis (city-state), and adherence to human law. Antigone’s firm belief in divine law and family loyalty challenges Creon’s strict enforcement of state law, highlighting the complexities and potential pitfalls of governance and Get everything you need to know about Civil Disobedience in Antigone. She was the sister of Polynices, Eteocles, and Ismene Mar 10, 2021 · Sophocles’ Creon and the illusion of polis By Julia Ongchoco One of the most salient binaries in Sophocles’ Antigone is the distinction between polis (or state) and oikos (or family). Ismene begs Antigone not defy the laws of the city and add to their family's tragedy. Antigone's moral standpoint is anchored in the belief that certain ethical principles are universal and immutable. state (burying her brother vs. 4. Rival state; Antigone gives up her citizenship in Thebes and moves to Athens. This conflict produces tragic consequences and highlights the tension between individual morals and societal laws. Family Loyalty ThemeTracker The ThemeTracker below shows where, and to what degree, the theme of Citizenship vs. They also appear in Oedipus Rex and Oedipus at Colonus, which depict events that take place before the events of Antigone. Aug 18, 2017 · Departing from theological readings of Antigone as a pious martyr and Creon as her cruel opponent, Hegel sees Creon defending the ‘abstract right’ of the public order, whereas Antigone would adhere to a ‘universalized subjectivism’ that absolutizes her heartfelt duties to the deceased members of her family. She believed that the laws of family is more important than the laws of state. Antigone’s defiance serves as a critique of authoritarian governance and the moral dilemmas faced by individuals. Antigone Nov 17, 2020 · Ismene & Antigone: Family vs. This include one between Antique and Ismene, and another on between Teiresias and King Creon (Cairns, p. She was the daughter of Oedipus, king of Thebes; her mother/grandmother was either Jocasta or, in another variation of the myth, Euryganeia. state leads to no correct action being undertaken. Analyzing Antigone and Creon 1299 Words | 3 Pages Sophocles play titled Antigone, embellishes the opposing conflicts between Antigone who stands for the values of family, and Creon who stands for the values of state. Antigone sacrifices her life, but she is at peace with herself and has pleased the gods. Jul 7, 2024 · Antigone’s defiance of Creon’s decree shows the clash between personal duty and state law, highlighting the importance of family ties and divine laws over human ones in ancient Greek culture. Antigone’s commitment to her family reflects the cultural values of ancient Greece, where blood relations were of utmost importance. In what ways has Antigone's family been "polluted"? Compare and contrast Antigone and Ismene's relationship with their family. Instead, different ethos see the actions of the character comparative to their set system of values to identify correctness. Dubbing Antigone “the perfect play,” he claimed that the tragedy dramatizes the unresolvable conflict between two equally valid and mutually exclusive “rights”: the right of the state and the right of the family (Hegel refers to them as claims of law and of conscience). This video features interviews with Citizenship vs. In this essay, we will delve into the complexities of Antigone’s Jan 2, 2025 · Antigone was tried to bury Polyneices according to the divine laws and her familial duty. This complex bond not only drives the narrative forward but also embodies contrasting values and philosophies that reflect broader themes in human experience. Antigone dies by her own hand before her—and Creon’s—family can intervene, leading Creon’s son and then his wife to commit suicide in their own grief. Introduction. Family loyalty is a crucial theme, as Antigone feels bound by familial duty to bury her brother, even at the cost of her life. Antigone is the supporter of religion and following the laws of the gods and the king of Thebes, Creon, is the state. Aeschylus' Oresteia. Jul 29, 2020 · Analysis of Sophocles’ Antigone By NASRULLAH MAMBROL on July 29, 2020 • ( 0 ) Within this single drama—in great part, a harsh critique of Athenian society and the Greek city-state in general—Sophocles tells of the eternal struggle between the state and the individual, human and natural law, and the enormous gulf between what we attempt here on earth and what fate has in store for us The sarus crane (Antigone antigone) is a large nonmigratory crane found in parts of the Indian subcontinent, Southeast Asia, and northern Australia. Antigone’s personal obligation to following religious rites and traditions puts her at odds with Creon’s insistence on enforcing his will as the king. Apr 7, 2024 · Antigone: Pg 59-64 (Class) Due Date Annotations Analysis 10/3/23 Lines 3-4 “One grief that Zeus will not perfect for the two of us while we still live and breathe?” - Antigone and Ismene have experienced many griefs. One of them, Polyneices, is considered to be a rebel by the new ruler of Thebes, Creon. Antigone defies King Creon's law to bury her brother Polynices, illustrating her commitment to familial duty over state loyalty. Sophocles explores the depths of Antigone’s morality and the duty based on consequence throughout the play, as well as the practical consequences of Creon who is passionate and Antigone's challenge to Ismene reveals her passionate commitment to family and the moral imperative she feels to honor the dead, emphasizing her strong character and motivations. She declares that the burial traditions are the unwritten laws of the gods, and are more important than the decrees of one man. human law, family loyalty, and the impact of choices on characters. Aug 11, 2015 · 1. Law o Ismene insists that Antigone does not go against the rule of man o Antigone says that she must do what is right to the Gods because she will be with them longer than she will be on Earth o “Go on insulting what the gods hold dear” (73-77)-Antigone to Ismene iv. Her steadfastness raises questions on the legitimacy of authority and one's responsibility to follow their conscience. But in defying Creon's command that no one bury Polynices, Antigone appeals to a different set of guidelines—what is often called "natural law. Both of the characters of Sophocles, Antigone, and Creon represent political as well as family loyalties in the play. Divine Law The play opens with the debate between the sisters Antigone and Ismene about which law comes first—the religious duty of citizens, or the civil duty? Antigone invites Ismene to join her in burying their brother Polyneices, though the king has forbidden burial on pain of death. Antigone wishes to honor the gods by burying her brother, but the law of Creon decrees that he shall have no burial since her brother is technically a traitor to the state. Antigone Throughout life you always have your family to share the smiles, the tantrums, the unseen moments, and tears. Here are some well-organized Antigone essay topics to consider. In the play, Creon has a strict definition of citizenship that calls for the state to come first: "…whoever places… read analysis of Citizenship vs. Explore the moral dilemmas in Sophocles' Antigone, focusing on divine vs. Read the conflicts in the play, such as the conflicts between Antigone and Ismene and Antigone vs. Analysis, related quotes, theme tracking. In turn, Sophocles relates age as a Jan 21, 2025 · The story of Antigone, penned by the ancient Greek playwright Sophocles, remains relevant to this day due to its powerful exploration of the moral dilemmas faced by individuals when pitted against societal laws. State How does Creon contrast himself between Oedipus and Antigone? Jun 13, 2016 · Tragedy of the Individual vs. pdf from ENGL 111 at Simon Fraser University. Each character loses either their family or their life. Haemon has a unique perspective as the intermediary in the main conflict between Creon and Antigone as Antigone ’s fiance and Creon ’s son. Family may take precedence over many things, including authority and the law. The tallest of the flying birds, standing at a height of up to 1. Aug 9, 2024 · The conflict between Antigone’s duties towards her family and Creon’s desire for order, represent the struggle between individual duties and one’s responsibility towards a society, this play is a classic example to explain the responsibility towards the families as well as the society. Explore Antigone's dilemma: the conflict between family loyalty and law, revealing timeless themes of morality, justice, and gender roles. 5. Creon Protagonist of Antigone Antigone Antagonist of Antigone Family vs state and divine law vs state law Conflicts of the play Antigone To tell lessons and what's happening The play “Antigone” is a tragedy by Sophocles. Rewriting the myths to encourage discussion. 7. the state, Robin Fox presented an argument which would appear to resolve the contradiction raised by Antigone's statement above. It sets the stage for the play's exploration of individual moral conviction versus state law. In the context of Athenian political life, free-will was necessary to maintain the entire concept of their democracy, to believe that each choice the people mattered. Explore the complexities of family loyalty in Antigone, examining tragic choices, state vs. In Antigone, the issues are Antigone’s defiance of Creon’s edict; Antigone’s determination to bury her brother; and the conflict between family loyalty and obedience to the state. women (Kreon vs. The characters must choose what is more important to them Major Themes in Antigone The Conflict Between Law and Morality Antigone's defiance of Creon's edict highlights the struggle between human law and divine law, as she believes in the eternal laws of the gods over the temporary laws of man. Society: The play explores the conflict between personal moral compass and societal laws, highlighting the complexities of navigating these opposing forces. Updated: 11/21/2023 Mar 18, 2020 · The main difference between Antigone and Creon is that Antigone is loyal to her family, but Creon is loyal to the state. Lecture 8 Antigone- Theban 3x by Sophocles, they don't belong to a whole Fate and gods have decided that Oedipus will meet his Feb 9, 2025 · Antigone is a character defined by her fierce loyalty to her family and her unwavering commitment to what she believes is morally right. Character Analysis of Creon in Sophocles’ Antigone Sophocles’ “Antigone” is a cornerstone of Western literature, engaging with themes of law, morality, and personal conviction through the complex character of Creon. Feb 20, 2024 · Themes Explored: Antigone delves into several timeless themes, including: Individual vs. In my opinion I think Antigone is wrong. Evidence: Provide a specific quote or example from the text. 108) as he so proclaimed. The play illustrates the tension between individual moral obligations and the laws of the state. Creon Mar 9, 2017 · A. Phoebe claims that personal traits, rather than the interpretation of the law and Bible, fuel most of church versus state conflicts (11). Shamsie The Dissonance Between State Law and Moral Law From the very first moments of the play, Antigone’s resolve to bury her brother despite Creon’s order not to emerges as the central conflict. It deals with Antigone ’s burial of her brother Polynices Civil Disobedience In Antigone By Martin Luther King 1278 Words | 3 Pages In the play, Antigone, two brothers are killed in battle. Feb 10, 2025 · Antigone's loyalty to her family and the gods Antigone believes that her duty to her family and the gods outweighs her loyalty to the state and its ruler. Divine vs. When Antigone is unremorseful for knowingly breaking the law, Creon coldly punishes her. Obedience to human law vs. The corrupt and prideful king, Creon, created an edict that states that nobody could bury Polynices’s body because he was a traitor to Thebes and his family and denies the Nov 20, 2024 · Antigone Summary And Themes By Sophocles Antigone is one of the most famous tragedies written by the ancient Greek playwright Sophocles. Antigone’s Role in Greek Tragedy Antigone, a seminal figure in Greek tragedy, represents one of the most complex and multifaceted characters in ancient literature. Study guide for Antigone by Sophocles, with plot summary, character analysis, and literary analysis. State How does Antigone explore the conflict between the individual and the state? Antigone defies the state's law, representing the individual's moral choice to act according to personal conscience. This tragedy, centered on the titular character's moral dilemma against the edicts of King Creon, serves as a lens through which we examine the complexities of human existence, ethics Antigone: Family VS State This film looks at a central conflict within the play of Antigone; Creon’s belief in the state weighed against the actions of his family. The young woman, Antigone, wants to bury her brother, Polynices, but Creon’s edict announces that anyone who does so will be punished in death. Within the tragic play, Antigone, the author Sophocles presents situations where the characters have to choose between their family and the law. Although it was written before Sophocles ’ other two Theban plays, chronologically it comes after the stories in “Oedipus the King” and “Oedipus at Colonus”, and it picks up where Aeschylus ' play “Seven Against Thebes” ends. “Antigone” is a tragedy by the ancient Greek playwright Sophocles, written around 442 BCE. Her story, originating from Sophocles’ famous play, serves as a poignant exploration of the conflict between state law and personal conscience, making her a timeless symbol of resistance against tyranny. Family vs. Antigone), family vs. In Antigone, we can see the binary of men vs. Much like Sophocles’s Antigone, Anouilh’s Antigone explores the dissonance between state law and moral consciousness as well as the tragic heroism of self-sacrifice. obedience to divine law; Antigone acts in accordance with the divine law and accepts the human fate that befalls her. The uncertainty of the matter between family vs. She argues that the gods' laws are above all else and that all men should be mourned and honoured by their family and friends through a suitable burial. In conclusion, the themes of duty and love in "Antigone" are intricately linked, shaping the narrative and driving the characters’ actions. Medea is a tragedy, while Antigone is a tragedy with a happy ending. Her story, as portrayed by Sophocles, is a vivid exploration of human nature, moral conflict, and the struggle between individual conscience and state law. Family Loyalty appears in each section of Antigone. How Is Antigone Loyal To Her Family Antigone, written by Sophocles, is a tragedy that follows Antigone as she struggles with her family loyalty and the values of society: Antigone wants to honor and obey the laws of God and of The play begins in Thebes where Antigone is surrounded by her extended family. Political and Family Loyalty Greeks were aware of the rights and duties of a citizen and the role of a family in a state. The conflict illustrates the tension between individual ethics and collective responsibility, raising Nov 21, 2023 · Examine the conflict in ''Antigone'' by Sophocles. Here’s an outline of the key plot points: 1. Creon, as a ruler, represents the power of the state, demanding obedience to his edicts. and to punish those who betrayed it; 2) Creon debates the decree: a) with Antigone (or the case of the state law versus family religious law); b) with Haemon (or the case of absolute rule versus democratic rule, i. Although it was written before Sophocles ’ other two Theban plays, chronologically it comes after the stories in “Oedipus the King” and “Oedipus at Colonus”, and it picks up where Aeschylus ‘ play “Seven Against Thebes” ends. "It is the dead, not the living, who make the longest demands: The clash between the state and individual conscience puts both Antigone and Creon in a situation in which neither can truly win. Family Loyalty Sep 27, 2024 · Example: In Antigone, Sophocles explores the tension between personal loyalty to family and the duties imposed by the state, through the character of Antigone. It deals with Antigone ’s burial of her brother Polynices . As the newly appointed king of Thebes, Creon embodies the struggle between state authority and individual rights, making his character an essential focal point for May 12, 2021 · Are freedom and fate mutually exclusive concepts? What is the value in making a choice if we are condemned to a predetermined destiny? These are the questions Sophocles attempts to answer through his works Oedipus Rex and Antigone. 3. It portrays the conflict between Antigone and Creon, two rulers of Thebes. According to her, she thought family comes first than state. Medea and Antigone are similar in many ways, but they also have some key differences. " Whether its source is in nature or in divine order, natural law states that there are standards for right and wrong that are more fundamental and universal than In contrast to the view of the conflict as individual vs. 6. Political commentary. This contains their whole family in dismay with one brother having an honorable burial while the other doesn’t. We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. View Engl Notes-6. Theme: Individual vs. Sophocles' Antigone. Creon embodies human law, prioritizing state governance and societal order over personal relationships. Creon represents the state and its authority, insisting that the law must be obeyed, which raises questions about justice and governance. Her deeds are driven by her love for her family and her dedication to religion, which she considers superior to the state’s laws. Self determination vs. fate. So she fought for the dead brother for his rights. “Which is more important, one’s obligation to her family or one’s obligation to her state?” In the play, Creon represents the law of the land, “the State is the King” (Scene 3, ll. Duty and Loyalty: Antigone’s unwavering commitment to her family and her religious beliefs, even in the face of death, exemplifies the power of duty Feb 24, 2025 · Antigone, a classic Greek tragedy by Sophocles, explores themes of loyalty, justice, and civil disobedience. subject to the will of the people, and the moral order); c) with Tiresias (or the case of the ruler versus the gods); 3) Creon is Creon, as head of state and lawgiver in Thebes, believes in obedience to man-made laws. Need help with Lines 705-1090 in Sophocles's Antigone? Check out our revolutionary side-by-side summary and analysis. The play encapsulates a conflict that resonates deeply with many: loyalty to family versus adherence to the law. Antigone and Creon are the two main characters in Sophocles’ play Antigone. Dec 6, 2023 · Quick answer: Religion in "Antigone" plays a critical role in highlighting the conflict between divine and human laws. Antigone: The main protagonist of the play, she is the oldest daughter of Oedipus and Jocasta, a strong-willed and independent young woman who defies the orders of her uncle to bury her dead brother. This 1944 adaptation draws from the story and themes of the original Greek play, but Anouilh modernizes the structure and the tone in order to emphasize the narrative’s continued significance in the twentieth century Antigone represents the themes of female empowerment, private matters, family loyalty, and divine law. Law Family, an important theme of life, gets expressed throughout many ways in society. This film looks at a central conflict within the play; Creon's belief in State weighed against the actions of his family. Antigone: Theme Analysis Human Law vs. Background and Conflict The play is set in Thebes shortly after a brutal civil war, in which the two sons of Oedipus—Eteocles and Polyneices—have killed each other while fighting for the throne How does Antigone demonstrate her dedication to her family? In what ways does Antigone's loyalty to her family lead to her death? Do you think Antigone's loyalty to her family is a good thing? Explain your answer. On the other hand, Creon, as the King of Thebes, embodies a strict adherence to the law of the land. Oct 25, 2024 · In her novel “Home Fire,” Kamila Shamsie creatively reimagines Sophocles’ play “Antigone” in the context of British Muslims. What is a big conflict in Antigone? family Vs. Lines 45-46 “Worth your breeding, Ismene, or a coward–for Jul 7, 2024 · Antigone’s defiance of Creon’s decree shows the clash between personal duty and state law, highlighting the importance of family ties and divine laws over human ones in ancient Greek culture. The quote 'It is the In Antigone divine and state law are incompatible forcing the characters to make difficult decisions. Get the summaries, analysis, and quotes you need. following the King's orders). Creon. Shamsie attended university in the United States at Hamilton College and earned an MFA from the University of Massachusetts, Amherst and moved to the United Kingdom. Antigone tells the tragedy of a recalcitrant woman’s agony due to a new edict declared by the ruling power of the state, King Creon. She vows to give Polynices the proper burial rites. State: Antigone's actions create a tension between individual rights and state laws, a theme that resonates even in modern contexts of justice and ethics. e. Earthly authority. In order to access the full content of the In Greek mythology, Antigone (/ ænˈtɪɡəni / ⓘ ann-TIG-ə-nee; Ancient Greek: Ἀντιγόνη, romanized: Antigónē) was a Theban princess and a character in several ancient Greek tragedies. Click or tap on any chapter to read its Summary & Analysis. This tension, which becomes especially prominent as Antigone argues with Creon after her arrest, highlights the notion that state laws do not necessarily align with unwritten moral laws. The plot of Sophocles' Antigone revolves around a tragic conflict between divine law and human law, family loyalty, and the dangers of absolute power. Oct 3, 2023 · Antigone is a key figure in Greek mythology and literature, particularly in the tragic plays of the Athenian playwright Sophocles. Loyalty to family vs. The tragic consequences of Antigone’s actions In Sophocles’ Antigone, the protagonist, Antigone, possesses the characteristic flaw of blind passion. Whereas Creon is a king and has kingly duties of issuing commands and implementing laws Feb 6, 2019 · The tension between the church and the state in the modern times evokes the irreconcilable conflict between Antigone and Creon. Sophocles’ tragic play Antigone, raises one very important question whose answer is anything but simple. They were also aware of how a citizen should behave politically. The Nature of Justice. the state. Human Antigone represents divine law, emphasizing familial duty and moral obligations, particularly towards her brother Polynices. Antigone's role in Greek tragedy is pivotal not only because of the Both Ismene and Antigone end up defying the State for family, making it clear which duty is ultimately stronger and more moral, at least according to Sophocles. family conflict, and profound symbolism. State vs. Shamsie grew up in the 1970s in the Karachi, Pakistan. loyalty to state; Antigone chooses loyalty to state and defies her family's demands. Religious and social anxiety. Although social law seems to be unfair to Antigone in the story, Creon appears to suffer the most. The anxieties and concerns of the Ancient Greeks 2. I would have seen its portrayal of the conflict between morality and state authority in the context of the Vietnam War, which was then at its height. loyalty to family versus loyalty to state. This video features interviews with actors Christopher Eccleston, Polly Findlay and Jodie Whittaker and includes archive footage from the 2012 production. Antigone's challenge to Ismene reveals her passionate commitment to family and the moral imperative she feels to honor the dead, emphasizing her strong character and motivations. Antigone acts in a defiant resilient way and wants to honor her family and the Gods by burying Polyneices; however, Ismene is fearful and acts submissive to the law, so she disagrees that Antigone should go through with her plan. As we make it through to adulthood, we all secure those special bonds that we have with our family, but obeying the law has been embedded into our minds since a young age so which is more important? The book, Antigone is a greek-mythology tragedy play written by Sophocles Jun 13, 2024 · Concluding Reflections "Antigone" dives deep into the clash between moral and legal demands, personal conscience and state power, and private and public duties. Antigone’s brother—Creon’s nephew—simply as a traitor of the state. The best study guide to Antigone on the planet, from the creators of SparkNotes. Sophocles explores the relation between family and state in his play, Antigone. Antigone has been condemned to death because she has illegally buried her brother Polynices who attacked the city of Thebes as part of the war that led to the destruction of both Thebes and its ruling family. Thematic Overview of Antigone The Clash of Laws: Divine vs. Themes and Motifs in Sophocles' Antigone Sophocles’ Antigone is a profound exploration of the conflict between personal beliefs and state laws, encapsulating timeless themes that resonate deeply with audiences. State. Free Will in Antigone. Myth is for summing up all stories of a certain type within a culture. Creon initially governs without regard for religious laws, prioritizing his Dec 17, 2024 · In the world of ancient Greek tragedy, few works resonate as deeply as Sophocles' "Antigone. One interesting modern application of similar family vs. In this tragedy, Antigone, the main character, goes against Creon, the king and her uncle, out of the desire to properly bury her brother. state conflicts is the illegal immigration issue that this country is now dealing with, especially regarding Hispanic workers. Apr 9, 2025 · In the famous Greek play by Sophocles, the titular character Antigone defies the law of King Creon to bury her brother. Antigone will not yield. Study with Quizlet and memorise flashcards containing terms like Family loyalty vs state loyalty Antigone 1, Family loyalty vs state loyalty Antigone 2, Family loyalty vs state loyalty Homefire and others. Complete storyline summary. Her story interweaves elements of family loyalty, moral choices, and the tragic consequences of defiance against autocratic rule. Whether examining the complex character dynamics, the moral and ethical conflicts Dec 3, 2015 · The conflict that motivates Antigone's actions in Sophocles' 'Antigone' is primarily B. Antigone and Creon represent the extreme opposite political views regarding where a citizen of a city should place his or her loyalties. B. One main theme of the play is Religion vs. This is the intro to the conflict of state vs family. Get everything you need to know about Fate vs. This theme is seen throughout the play. Sophocles: Family vs. Antigone (Greek: Antígona, “acting against”) is a tragedy by Sophocles written in or before 441 BC. Aug 30, 2023 · An exploration of the conflict between family and fatherland in Ancient Greece, the duties of a citizen to the state, the importance of kinship bonds, and th Sophocles' Antigone focuses on the conflict between human law and the law of the gods when following both sets of laws at a time seems to be impossible. ealk8 n7 vqpg o7nljnu gxv1e2nq ads3ri wtoqgdb r09kp 4c1 x9aa